Springboot寰湇鍔¤祫鏂欙細浠庡叆闂ㄥ埌绮鹃€氱殑鍏ㄩ潰鎸囧崡

鏈寚鍗楀皢甯︽偍鍏ㄩ潰浜嗚ВSpringboot寰湇鍔★紝浠庡熀鏈蹇靛埌瀹炴垬搴旂敤锛屾兜鐩栧熀纭€鎼缓銆佹牳蹇冪壒鎬с€佸井鏈嶅姟鏋舵瀯瀹炴垬銆佹晠闅滄帓鏌ヤ笌鎬ц兘浼樺寲绛夊叧閿鍩熴€傞€氳繃璇︾粏鐨勬楠ゅ拰鐢熷姩鐨勪唬鐮佺ず渚嬶紝鍔╂偍蹇€熸帉鎻′娇鐢⊿pringboot鏋勫缓楂樻晥銆佸彲鎵╁睍鐨勫井鏈嶅姟绯荤粺銆?/p>

涓€銆丼pringboot涓庡井鏈嶅姟姒傚康绠€浠?/h3>

Springboot鏄敱Pivotal鍥㈤槦寮€鍙戠殑锛岀敤浜庣畝鍖朣pring妗嗘灦搴旂敤寮€鍙戠殑宸ュ叿銆傚畠鎻愪緵浜嗗揩閫熸瀯寤恒€佽嚜鍔ㄥ寲閰嶇疆鍜屽惎鍔ㄩ」鐩殑鑳藉姏锛屼娇寰楀紑鍙戣€呰兘澶熷揩閫熸惌寤鸿捣鍔熻兘涓板瘜鐨勫熀浜嶴pring鐨勫簲鐢ㄣ€傚井鏈嶅姟鏋舵瀯寮鸿皟鏈嶅姟鐨勭嫭绔嬮儴缃层€佸揩閫熻凯浠ｅ拰寰皬鐨勯儴缃插崟鍏冿紝鑰孲pringboot鍦ㄥ井鏈嶅姟鏋舵瀯涓壆婕斾簡鏍稿績瑙掕壊锛岄€氳繃鎻愪緵涓€濂楀畬鏁寸殑寮€鍙戙€侀儴缃插拰閰嶇疆宸ュ叿锛岀畝鍖栦簡寰湇鍔＄殑寮€鍙戞祦绋嬨€?/p>

浜屻€佷粈涔堟槸Springboot锛?/h3>

Springboot鐨勮璁″師鍒欐槸绠€鍖朣pring鐨勪娇鐢紝鍑忓皯閰嶇疆鏂囦欢锛屾彁渚涜嚜鍔ㄩ厤缃姛鑳斤紝浣垮紑鍙戣€呰兘澶熷揩閫熸瀯寤哄拰鍚姩搴旂敤銆傚畠鏀寔澶氱鏋勫缓宸ュ叿鍖呮嫭Maven鍜孏radle锛屽苟涓斿叿澶囧己澶х殑渚濊禆绠＄悊鑳藉姏銆傞€氳繃鍐呯疆鐨勫惎鍔ㄥ櫒锛堝Spring Initializr锛夛紝Springboot鍙互蹇€熺敓鎴愬寘鍚熀鏈ā鏉跨殑椤圭洰锛屼娇寮€鍙戣€呰兘澶熸洿涓撴敞浜庝笟鍔￠€昏緫鐨勫疄鐜般€?/p>

涓夈€佸井鏈嶅姟鏋舵瀯姒傝堪

寰湇鍔℃灦鏋勬槸涓€绉嶅皢鍗曚竴搴旂敤鍒嗚В涓轰竴缁勫皬鍨嬨€佺嫭绔嬫湇鍔＄殑鏂规硶銆傛瘡涓湇鍔￠兘涓撴敞浜庤В鍐崇壒瀹氱殑涓氬姟闂锛屽苟閫氳繃RESTful API杩涜閫氫俊銆傝繖绉嶆灦鏋勬ā寮忓叿澶囨洿楂樼殑鍙墿灞曟€с€佺伒娲绘€у拰缁存姢鎬с€傚湪寰湇鍔℃灦鏋勪腑锛孲pringboot浣滀负鏈嶅姟寮€鍙戞鏋讹紝鎻愪緵浜嗕赴瀵岀殑API鍜屽伐鍏凤紝渚嬪鐢ㄤ簬鏈嶅姟闂撮€氫俊鐨凥TTP鍜孯ESTful API璁捐锛屼互鍙婄敤浜庢湇鍔″彂鐜板拰閰嶇疆鐨凷pringcloud鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

鍥涖€丼pringboot蹇€熸惌寤烘寚鍗?/h3>

1. 瀹夎涓庨厤缃?/p>

瑕佸紑濮嬩娇鐢⊿pringboot锛岄鍏堥渶瑕佺‘淇濆紑鍙戠幆澧冧腑宸插畨瑁匤ava鍜孧aven鎴朑radle銆傛帴涓嬫潵锛屽彲浠ラ€氳繃Spring Initializr锛坰tart.spring.io/锛夊揩閫熺敓鎴愰」鐩ā鏉裤€傝闂綉绔欏悗锛岄€夋嫨Java浣滀负璇█锛屽苟鏍规嵁闇€瑕侀€夋嫨渚濊禆锛堝Web銆丏B銆丼ecurity绛夛級锛岀劧鍚庝笅杞藉苟瀵煎叆鐢熸垚鐨勯」鐩埌IDE涓€?/p>

2. 鍒涘缓绗竴涓猄pringboot椤圭洰

锛?锛塸om.xml鏂囦欢涓坊鍔爏pring-boot-starter-web渚濊禆銆?/p>

锛?锛夊垱寤篗ainApplication绫伙紝浣跨敤@SpringBootApplication娉ㄨВ銆?/p>

锛?锛夊湪MainApplication绫讳腑鍒涘缓main鏂规硶锛屼娇鐢⊿pringApplication.run鍚姩搴旂敤銆?/p>

锛?锛夊垱寤篐elloController绫伙紝浣跨敤@RestController娉ㄨВ锛屽苟瀹氫箟@GetMapping("/hello")鏂规硶杩斿洖"Hello, World!"銆?/p>

3. 浣跨敤Spring Initializr蹇€熺敓鎴愰」鐩?/p>

璁块棶Spring Initializr缃戠珯锛岄€夋嫨鎵€闇€鐨凧ava鐗堟湰鍜屼緷璧栵紙渚嬪Web鍜孴hymeleaf锛夛紝鐒跺悗涓嬭浇鐢熸垚鐨勯」鐩€傛寜鐓т笅杞界殑椤圭洰缁撴瀯杩涜寮€鍙戯紝鍗冲彲蹇€熸惌寤鸿捣鍩轰簬Springboot鐨勫井鏈嶅姟椤圭洰銆?/p>

鏈寚鍗椾负鎮ㄦ彁渚涗簡浠庡叆闂ㄥ埌绮鹃€氱殑Springboot寰湇鍔¤祫鏂欙紝甯姪鎮ㄥ叏闈㈡帉鎻pringboot鐨勪娇鐢ㄥ拰寰湇鍔℃灦鏋勭殑瀹炴垬搴旂敤銆傞€氳繃璇︾粏鐨勬楠ゅ拰鐢熷姩鐨勪唬鐮佺ず渚嬶紝鍔╂偍蹇€熶笂鎵嬪苟鎻愬崌寮€鍙戞晥鐜囥€係pring Boot鐨勬牳蹇冪壒鎬ф繁搴﹁В鏋?/p>

涓€銆佹瀯寤哄伐鍏凤細Maven涓嶨radle

鍦⊿pring Boot椤圭洰鐨勫紑鍙戜腑锛屾垜浠父甯镐娇鐢∕aven鎴朑radle浣滀负鏋勫缓宸ュ叿銆傚叾涓紝Maven鐨勯厤缃俊鎭富瑕佸瓨鍦ㄤ簬pom.xml鏂囦欢涓紝鑰孏radle鐨勯厤缃垯鍐欏湪build.gradle鏂囦欢涓€傝繖浜涙瀯寤烘枃浠跺寘鍚簡渚濊禆绠＄悊銆佺紪璇戦厤缃互鍙婅繍琛屽懡浠ょ瓑閲嶈淇℃伅锛屼负椤圭洰鐨勬瀯寤哄拰閮ㄧ讲鎻愪緵浜嗘瀬澶х殑渚垮埄銆?/p>

浜屻€侀厤缃鐞嗕笌灞炴€ф敞鍏?/h3>

Spring Boot鎻愪緵浜嗙伒娲荤殑閰嶇疆绠＄悊鍔熻兘锛屽紑鍙戣€呭彲浠ラ€氳繃application.properties鎴朼pplication.yml鏂囦欢鏉ラ厤缃簲鐢ㄧ殑鍚勭灞炴€с€傝繖浜涢厤缃湪鍚姩搴旂敤鏃朵細鑷姩鍔犺浇锛屽苟閫氳繃娉ㄨВ锛堝@PropertySource锛夋垨鑰呰嚜鍔ㄦ敞鍏ュ埌绫荤殑灞炴€т腑銆備緥濡傦細

閫氳繃@PropertySource娉ㄨВ娉ㄥ叆閰嶇疆锛?/p>

```java

@SpringBootApplication

public class MainApplication {

@Autowired

private Environment env;

public static void main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);

}

}

```

鍦╝pplication.properties涓缃湇鍔″櫒绔彛锛?/p>

```properties

server.port=8080

```

杩欐牱锛屾垜浠氨鑳借交鏉惧湴瀵瑰簲鐢ㄧ殑灞炴€ц繘琛岄厤缃拰绠＄悊銆?/p>

涓夈€佺畝鍗曠殑璇锋眰澶勭悊涓庢帶鍒跺櫒璁捐

Spring Boot鐨勬敞瑙ｉ┍鍔ㄦ灦鏋勪娇寰楀垱寤篟ESTful API鍙樺緱闈炲父绠€鍗曠洿瑙傘€傚紑鍙戣€呭彲浠ヤ娇鐢ˊController鎴朄RestController鏉ユ爣璇嗗鐞咹TTP璇锋眰鐨勭被銆傞€氳繃@GetMapping銆丂PostMapping銆丂PutMapping鍜孈DeleteMapping绛夋敞瑙ｏ紝鎴戜滑鍙互杞绘澗鍦版寚瀹氳姹傜殑鏂规硶鍜岃矾寰勩€備緥濡傦細

```java

package com.example.demo.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController

public class HelloController {

@GetMapping("/hello")

public String hello() {

return "Hello, World!";

}

}

``` 浠ヤ笂鐨勪唬鐮佺墖娈靛睍绀轰簡涓€涓畝鍗曠殑浣跨敤Spring Boot鍒涘缓RESTful API鐨勪緥瀛愩€傚綋鎺ユ敹鍒癎ET璇锋眰鏃讹紝瀹冧細杩斿洖鈥淗ello, World!鈥濈殑鍝嶅簲銆?浣垮緱寮€鍙戣€呰兘澶熷揩閫熷湴鏋勫缓鍑虹鍚堥渶姹傜殑HTTP鏈嶅姟銆?浣垮緱寮€鍙戣€呰兘澶熷揩閫熷湴鏋勫缓鍑虹鍚堥渶姹傜殑HTTP鏈嶅姟銆?閫氳繃Spring Boot鐨勮繖浜涚壒鎬э紝寮€鍙戣€呭彲浠ヤ笓娉ㄤ簬涓氬姟閫昏緫鐨勫疄鐜帮紝鑰屾棤闇€杩囧鍏虫敞搴曞眰鐨勭粏鑺傘€?寰湇鍔℃灦鏋勪腑鐨勫叧閿粍浠跺強瀹炴垬搴旂敤浠嬬粛銆?閲嶇偣浠嬬粛鏈嶅姟闂撮€氫俊鐨勮璁″師鍒欏強寰湇鍔℃灦鏋勪腑鐨勬湇鍔″彂鐜板拰璐熻浇鍧囪　鎶€鏈€傚洓銆佸井鏈嶅姟鏋舵瀯瀹炴垬瑙ｆ瀽

---

Eureka娉ㄥ唽鏈嶅姟閰嶇疆

鍦╜com.example.demo.config`鍖呬腑锛屾垜浠紩鍏ヤ簡Spring Cloud Eureka鐨勭浉鍏抽厤缃€備负浜嗘敞鍐屾湇鍔″苟瀹炵幇鏈嶅姟闂寸殑璐熻浇鍧囪　锛屾垜浠渶瑕佸湪閰嶇疆绫讳腑瀹氫箟`RestTemplate`銆備娇鐢╜@Configuration`娉ㄨВ鏍囪瘑杩欐槸涓€涓厤缃被锛屽苟浣跨敤`@EnableDiscoveryClient`寮€鍚湇鍔″彂鐜板姛鑳姐€傚叿浣撲唬鐮佸涓嬶細

```java

package com.example.demo.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration

public class EurekaConfig {

@Bean

@LoadBalanced // 瀹炵幇璐熻浇鍧囪　绛栫暐锛岀‘淇濊姹傚垎鍙戝埌鍚堥€傜殑鏈嶅姟瀹炰緥涓娿€?/p>

public RestTemplate restTemplate() {

return new RestTemplate(); // 鍒涘缓RestTemplate瀹炰緥锛岀敤浜庡彂璧稨TTP璇锋眰銆?/p>

}

}

```

---

鏁版嵁鎸佷箙鍖栨暣鍚圡yBatis涓嶫PA妗嗘灦 馃梼锔忊洆锔忦煋?/p>

浣跨敤Feign杞绘澗鍙戦€佽姹?/p>

鍦╜com.example.demo.service`鍖呬腑锛屾垜浠紩鍏ヤ簡Spring Cloud鐨凢eign瀹㈡埛绔€傝繖鏄竴涓己澶х殑宸ュ叿锛屽厑璁告垜浠交鏉惧湴閫氳繃HTTP鍙戦€佽姹傘€傚彧闇€瀹氫箟鎺ュ彛锛屽苟娣诲姞鐩稿叧娉ㄨВ锛孎eign灏变細涓烘垜浠鐞嗚姹傜殑鍙戦€併€備緥濡傦細

```java

@FeignClient("another-service")

public interface AnotherServiceClient {

@GetMapping("/users/{id}")

User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id);

}

```

閫氳繃绠€鍗曠殑娉ㄨВ锛屾垜浠凡缁忓彲浠ュ彂閫丟ET璇锋眰鍒?/users/{id}"璺緞锛屽苟鎺ユ敹Long绫诲瀷鐨刬d浣滀负鍙傛暟銆侳eign绠€鍖栦簡涓庤繙绋嬫湇鍔＄殑浜や簰锛岃浠ｇ爜鏇寸畝娲併€佹槗璇汇€?/p>

閰嶇疆涓績鐨勯瓟鍔涳細Springcloud Config

鍦ㄦ瀯寤哄井鏈嶅姟鏋舵瀯鏃讹紝绠＄悊閰嶇疆鏄竴椤归噸瑕佺殑浠诲姟銆係pringcloud Config鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓泦涓寲鐨勯厤缃鐞嗚В鍐虫柟妗堬紝涓哄紑鍙戣€呭甫鏉ヤ簡鏋佸ぇ鐨勪究鍒┿€傚畠鍏佽鎴戜滑浠ョ伒娲荤殑鏂瑰紡绠＄悊搴旂敤鐨勯厤缃俊鎭€傚彧闇€鍦╜com.example.demo.config`鍖呬腑鍚敤ConfigServer锛屽嵆鍙韩鍙楄繖涓€寮哄ぇ鍔熻兘锛?/p>

```java

@Configuration

@EnableConfigServer

public class ConfigServerConfig {}

```

閫氳繃Springcloud Config锛屾垜浠彲浠ヨ交鏉惧姞杞姐€佹洿鏂板拰绠＄悊搴旂敤鐨勯厤缃俊鎭紝纭繚寰湇鍔＄殑姝ｅ父杩愯銆?/p>

鏃ュ織涓庣洃鎺х殑瀹岀編缁撳悎锛歀ogback涓嶱rometheus

閰嶇疆鏃ュ織浠ヤ娇鐢↙ogback

鍦╟om.example.demo.config鍖呬腑锛屾垜浠湁涓€涓狶oggingConfig绫伙紝瀹冭礋璐ｉ厤缃垜浠殑WebMvc鏃ュ織绯荤粺銆傝繖鏄竴涓厖婊＄瓥鐣ョ殑绫伙紝瀹冮泦鎴愪簡WebMvcConfigurer鎺ュ彛锛屼负鎴戜滑鎻愪緵浜嗗畾鍒禨pring MVC鐨勬満浼氥€?/p>

鎴戜滑瀹氫箟浜嗕竴浜涘叧閿殑Bean锛屽畠浠负鎴戜滑鐨勬棩蹇楃郴缁熸彁渚涗簡鏍稿績缁勪欢銆傞€氳繃@Bean鍜孈Primary娉ㄨВ锛屾垜浠畾涔変簡encoder()鏂规硶锛屽畠鍒涘缓浜嗕竴涓狿atternLayoutEncoder瀵硅薄骞惰缃簡鏃ュ織杈撳嚭鐨勬牸寮忋€傝繖涓牸寮忓寘鎷棩鏈熴€佹椂闂淬€佺嚎绋嬪悕銆佹棩蹇楃骇鍒€乴ogger鍚嶅拰娑堟伅鍐呭銆?/p>

鎺ヤ笅鏉ワ紝鎴戜滑鍒涘缓浜哻onsoleAppender()锛屽畠鏄竴涓狢onsoleAppender鐨勫疄渚嬶紝鐢ㄤ簬灏嗘棩蹇楄緭鍑哄埌鎺у埗鍙般€傛垜浠皢涔嬪墠鍒涘缓鐨別ncoder璁剧疆鍒拌繖涓猘ppender涓娿€?/p>

鎴戜滑杩樺畾涔変簡logbackConfig()锛岀敤浜庡垱寤篖oggerContext鐨勫疄渚嬪苟杩涜閲嶇疆銆傝繖涓猚ontext鏄暣涓猯ogback閰嶇疆鐨勬牳蹇冿紝瀹冨寘鍚簡鎵€鏈夌殑logger銆乤ppender鍜宭evel銆?/p>

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